This allows us to put the restore() call in a finally block, ensuring it gets run no matter what. Is variance swap long volatility of volatility? If youve heard the term mock object, this is the same thing Sinons mocks can be used to replace whole objects and alter their behavior similar to stubbing functions. Can you post a snippet of the mail handler module? After each test inside the suite, restore the sandbox I need to stub the sendMandrill method of the mh object. See also Asynchronous calls. When using ES6 modules: I'm creating the stub of YourClass.get() in a test project. Defines the behavior of the stub on the nth call. Useful for testing sequential interactions. If you want to test code making an Ajax call, how can you do that? You can also use them to help verify things, such as whether a function was called or not. Node 6.2.2 / . In practice, you might not use spies very often. Note that its usually better practice to stub individual methods, particularly on objects that you dont understand or control all the methods for (e.g. Being able to stub a standalone function is a necessary feature for testing some functions. Best Practices for Spies, Stubs and Mocks in Sinon.js. As in, the method mock.something() expects to be called. If we want to test setupNewUser, we may need to use a test-double on Database.save because it has a side effect. Sinon.JS - How can I get arguments from a stub? In the example above, the firstCall property has information about the first call, such as firstCall.args which is the list of arguments passed. The sinon.stub () substitutes the real function and returns a stub object that you can configure using methods like callsFake () . To make a really simple stub, you can simply replace a function with a new one: But again, there are several advantages Sinons stubs provide: Mocks simply combine the behavior of spies and stubs, making it possible to use their features in different ways. I though of combining "should be called with match" and Cypress.sinon assertions like the following . Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. How do I test for an empty JavaScript object? You can use mocha test runner for running the tests and an assertion toolking like node's internal assert module for assertion. Note how the stub also implements the spy interface. Instead of duplicating the original behaviour from stub.js into sandbox.js, call through to the stub.js implementation then add all the stubs to the sandbox collection as usual. Only the behavior you need for the test is necessary, and anything else can be left out. Causes the stub to return a Promise which rejects with an exception of the provided type. With databases, it could be mongodb.findOne. As of 1.8, this functionality has been removed in favor of the If you learn the tricks for using Sinon effectively, you wont need any other tools. In most cases when you need a stub, you can follow the same basic pattern: The stub doesnt need to mimic every behavior. Useful for stubbing jQuery-style fluent APIs. onCall method to make a stub respond differently on Introducing our Startup and Scaleup plans, additional value for your team! With databases, you need to have a testing database set up with data for your tests. document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Tutorials, interviews, and tips for you to become a well-rounded developer. Sinon does many things, and occasionally it might seem difficult to understand how it works. Stubs also have a callCount property that tells you how many times the stub was called. stub.returnsArg(0); causes the stub to return the first argument. Classes are hardly ever the right tool and is mostly just used as a crutch for people coming to JS from Java and C# land to make them feel more at home in the weird land of functions. If you use setTimeout, your test will have to wait. Stubbing functions in a deeply nested object Sometimes you need to stub functions inside objects which are nested more deeply. "send" gets a reference to an object returned by MailHandler() (a new instance if called with "new" or a reference to an existing object otherwise, it does not matter). How JavaScript Variables are Stored in Memory? var functionTwoStub = sinon.stub(fileOne,'functionTwo'); UPD If you have no control over mail.handler.module you could either use rewire module that allows to mock entire dependencies or expose MailHandler as a part of your api module to make it injectable. Looking back at the Ajax example, instead of setting up a server, we would replace the Ajax call with a test-double. A function with side effects can be defined as a function that depends on something external, such as the state of some object, the current time, a call to a database, or some other mechanism that holds some kind of state. This has been removed from v3.0.0. If you spy on a function, the functions behavior is not affected. You could use a setTimeout in your test to wait one second, but that makes the test slow. With the stub() function, you can swap out a function for a fake version of that function with pre-determined behavior. Run the following command: 1. npm - install -- save - dev sinon. You will have the random string generated as per the string length passed. This is a potential source of confusion when using Mochas asynchronous tests together with sinon.test. Michael Feathers would call this a link seam. The message parameter is optional and will set the message property of the exception. You can still do it, though, as I discuss here. Remember to also include a sinon.assert.calledOnce check to ensure the stub gets called. One of the biggest stumbling blocks when writing unit tests is what to do when you have code thats non-trivial. This is helpful for testing edge cases, like what happens when an HTTP request fails. Then, use session replay with deep technical telemetry to see exactly what the user saw and what caused the problem, as if you were . Cascading failures can easily mask the real source of the problem, so we want to avoid them where possible. Appreciate this! These docs are from an older version of sinon. Two out of three are demonstrated in this thread (if you count the link to my gist). In this article, well show you the differences between spies, stubs and mocks, when and how to use them, and give you a set of best practices to help you avoid common pitfalls. Note that you'll need to replace assert.ok with whatever assertion your testing framework has. You may find that its often much easier to use a stub than a mock and thats perfectly fine. The Promise library can be overwritten using the usingPromise method. This is a comment. Is there a proper earth ground point in this switch box? consecutive calls. Stub a closure function using sinon for redux actions. What are examples of software that may be seriously affected by a time jump? It would be great if you could mention the specific version for your said method when this was added to. Async version of stub.yields([arg1, arg2, ]). They have all the functionality of spies, but instead of just spying on what a function does, a stub completely replaces it. When testing a piece of code, you dont want to have it affected by anything outside the test. It also has some other available options. If you replace an existing function with a test-double, use sinon.test(). By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. Normally, the expectations would come last in the form of an assert function call. ps: this should be done before calling the original method or class. privacy statement. Stubs are dummy objects for testing. This time we used the sinon.assert.calledWith() assertion. this is not some ES2015/ES6 specific thing that is missing in sinon. Spies have a lot of different properties, which provide different information on how they were used. The original function can be restored by calling object.method.restore(); (or stub.restore();). I made sure to include sinon in the External Resources in jsFiddle and even jQuery 1.9. SinonStub. I also went to this question (Stubbing and/or mocking a class in sinon.js?) What I need to do is to mock a dependency that the function I have to test ("send") has. before one of the other callbacks. We usually need Sinon when our code calls a function which is giving us trouble. The name will be available as a function on stubs, and the chaining mechanism will be set up for you (e.g. See also Asynchronous calls. Like yield, yieldTo grabs the first matching argument, finds the callback and calls it with the (optional) arguments. Then you may write stubs using Sinon as follow: const { assert } = require ('chai'); const sinon = require ('sinon'); const sumModule = require ('./sum'); const doStuff = require. Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Not the answer you're looking for? However, getting started with Sinon might be tricky. Resets both behaviour and history of the stub. 2018/11/17 2022/11/14. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Theres also another way of testing Ajax requests in Sinon. When constructing the Promise, sinon uses the Promise.reject method. To best understand when to use test-doubles, we need to understand the two different types of functions we can have. Real-life isnt as easy as many testing tutorials make it look. Like yields but calls the last callback it receives. Async version of stub.callsArgWith(index, arg1, arg2, ). Learn more . PR #2022 redirected sinon.createStubInstance() to use the Sandbox implementation thereof. To stub the function 'functionTwo', you would write. Using the above approach you would be able to stub prototype properties via sinon and justify calling the constructor with new keyword. provided index. Not all functions are part of a class instance. I don't have control over mail.handler.module so I cannot change anything there. With time, the function might be setTimeout. How did StorageTek STC 4305 use backing HDDs? By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. It is also useful to create a stub that can act differently in response to different arguments. Have you used any other methods to stub a function or method while unit testing ? rev2023.3.1.43269. Same as their corresponding non-Async counterparts, but with callback being deferred at called after all instructions in the current call stack are processed. I've had a number of code reviews where people have pushed me towards hacking at the Node module layer, via proxyquire, mock-require, &c, and it starts simple and seems less crufty, but becomes a very difficult challenge of getting the stubs needed into place during test setup. The reason we use Sinon is it makes the task trivial creating them manually can be quite complicated, but lets see how that works, to understand what Sinon does. They can also contain custom behavior, such as returning values or throwing exceptions. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. The problem is that when funcB calls funcA it calls it . The test calls another module that imports YourClass. calls. Example: var fs = require ('fs') Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! Do let us know your thoughts and suggestions in the comments below. Do you want the, https://nodejs.org/en/docs/guides/event-loop-timers-and-nexttick, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/EventLoop, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WindowOrWorkerGlobalScope/setTimeout, stub.callsArgOnWith(index, context, arg1, arg2, ), stub.yieldsToOn(property, context, [arg1, arg2, ]), In Node environment the callback is deferred with, In a browser the callback is deferred with. https://github.com/sinonjs/sinon/blob/master/test/es2015/module-support-assessment-test.es6#L53-L58. If the code were testing calls another function, we sometimes need to test how it would behave under unusual conditions most commonly if theres an error. A common case is when a function performs a calculation or some other operation which is very slow and which makes our tests slow. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Testing code with Ajax, networking, timeouts, databases, or other dependencies can be difficult. Not fun. Control a methods behavior from a test to force the code down a specific path. See also Asynchronous calls. By voting up you can indicate which examples are most useful and appropriate. Not much different than 2019. In his spare time, he helps other JavaScript developers go from good to great through his blog and. We can make use of its features to simplify the above cases into just a few lines of code. cy.stub() returns a Sinon.js stub. After the installation is completed, we're going to create a function to test. This can be fixed by changing sinon.config somewhere in your test code or in a configuration file loaded with your tests: sinon.config controls the default behavior of some functions like sinon.test. Thanks to all of SitePoints peer reviewers for making SitePoint content the best it can be! Your solutions work for me. Why are non-Western countries siding with China in the UN? Sinon Setup Install: $ npm install sinon@4.1.1 --save-dev While that's installing, do some basic research on the libraries available to stub (or mock) HTTP requests in Node. What does a search warrant actually look like? You need to run a server and make sure it gives the exact response needed for your test. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. We can create spies, stubs and mocks manually too. myMethod ('start', Object {5}) I know that the object has a key, segmentB -> when console logging it in the stub, I see it but I do not want to start making assertions in the stub. With the time example, we would use test-doubles to allow us to travel forwards in time. Youre more likely to need a stub, but spies can be convenient for example to verify a callback was called: In this example I am using Mocha as the test framework and Chai as the assertion library. An exception is thrown if the property is not already a function. If something external affects a test, the test becomes much more complex and could fail randomly. If the argument at the provided index is not available, a TypeError will be How do I loop through or enumerate a JavaScript object? Stubs can also be used to trigger different code paths. The problem with these is that they often require manual setup. You should almost never have test-specific cases in your code. Causes the stub to throw the argument at the provided index. ts-sinon Prerequisites Installation Object stubs example Interface stubs example Object constructor stub example Sinon methods Packages Dependencies: Dev Dependencies: Tests README.md ts-sinon Like stub.callsArg(index); but with an additional parameter to pass the this context. Why does the impeller of a torque converter sit behind the turbine? Or, a better approach, we can wrap the test function with sinon.test(). Is it possible to use Sinon.js to stub this standalone function? exception. We could use a normal function as the callback, but using a spy makes it easy to verify the result of the test using Sinons sinon.assert.calledOnce assertion. If you want to change how a function behaves, you need a stub. If the argument at the provided index is not available or is not a function, Here's two ways to check whether a SinonJS stub was called with given arguments. Any test-doubles you create using sandboxing are cleaned up automatically. This mimics the behavior of $.post, which would call a callback once the request has finished. Put simply, Sinon allows you to replace the difficult parts of your tests with something that makes testing simple. In the second line, we use this.spy instead of sinon.spy. Well occasionally send you account related emails. In this test, were using once and withArgs to define a mock which checks both the number of calls and the arguments given. Looking to learn more about how to apply Sinon with your own code? Instead you should use, A codemod is available to upgrade your code. That is just how these module systems work. For example, heres how we could verify a more specific database saving scenario using a mock: Note that, with a mock, we define our expectations up front. Once installed you need to require it in the app.js file and write a stub for the lib.js modules method. Start by installing a sinon into the project. stub.callsArg(0); causes the stub to call the first argument as a callback. We wont go into detail on it here, but if you want to learn how that works, see my article on Ajax testing with Sinons fake XMLHttpRequest. If you want to effectively use prototype inheritance you'll need to rewrite mailHandler to use actually use this instead of a newly created object. Sign in Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. To make a test asynchronous with Mocha, you can add an extra parameter into the test function: This can break when combined with sinon.test: Combining these can cause the test to fail for no apparent reason, displaying a message about the test timing out. A lot of people are not actually testing ES Modules, but transpiled ES Modules (using Webpack/Babel, etc). Note that in Sinon version 1.5 to version 1.7, multiple calls to the yields* SinonStub.rejects (Showing top 15 results out of 315) It also helps us set up the user variable without repeating the values. You define your expected results up front by telling the mock object what needs to happen, and then calling the verification function at the end of the test. And that's a good thing! The following example is yet another test from PubSubJS which shows how to create an anonymous stub that throws an exception when called. Is a hot staple gun good enough for interior switch repair? In addition to functions with side effects, we may occasionally need test doubles with functions that are causing problems in our tests. Why does Jesus turn to the Father to forgive in Luke 23:34? Together, spies, stubs and mocks are known as test doubles. Examples include forcing a method to throw an error in order to test error handling. , ? 2023 Rendered Text. Causes the stub to throw the provided exception object. This is often caused by something external a network connection, a database, or some other non-JavaScript system. An exception is thrown if the property is not already a function. stub.throwsArg(0); causes the stub to throw the first argument as the responsible for providing a polyfill in environments which do not provide Promise. callbacks were called, and also that the exception throwing stub was called onCall API. When constructing the Promise, sinon uses the Promise.resolve method. This article was peer reviewed by Mark Brown and MarcTowler. By using Sinon, we can take both of these issues (plus many others), and eliminate the complexity. We can make use of a stub to trigger an error from the code: Thirdly, stubs can be used to simplify testing asynchronous code. overrides is an optional map overriding created stubs, for example: If provided value is not a stub, it will be used as the returned value: Stubs the method only for the provided arguments. Each expectation, in addition to mock-specific functionality, supports the same functions as spies and stubs. 2. The sinon.stub() substitutes the real function and returns a stub object that you can configure using methods like callsFake(). Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. You should take care when using mocks its easy to overlook spies and stubs when mocks can do everything they can, but mocks also easily make your tests overly specific, which leads to brittle tests that break easily. Therefore, it might be a good idea to use a stub on it, instead of a spy. Because of this convenience in declaring multiple conditions for the mock, its easy to go overboard. I have to stub the method "sendMandrill" of that object. How can I explain to my manager that a project he wishes to undertake cannot be performed by the team? Adding mail.handler.module - See below the mailHandler / sendMandrill code: You current approach creates a new sendMandrill for each and every instance created by mailHandler factory. Stubs can be used to replace problematic code, i.e. As such, a spy is a good choice whenever the goal of a test is to verify something happened. 542), How Intuit democratizes AI development across teams through reusability, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. This is necessary as otherwise the test-double remains in place, and could negatively affect other tests or cause errors. Without it, your test will not fail when the stub is not called. Note how the behavior of the stub for argument 42 falls back to the default behavior once no more calls have been defined. See also Asynchronous calls. Stubs are like spies, except in that they replace the target function. We can easily make the conditions for the mock more specific than is needed, which can make the test harder to understand and easy to break. Sinon splits test-doubles into three types: In addition, Sinon also provides some other helpers, although these are outside the scope of this article: With these features, Sinon allows you to solve all of the difficult problems external dependencies cause in your tests. Start by installing a sinon into the project. It's now finally the time to install SinonJS. Using Sinons assertions like this gives us a much better error message out of the box. Makes the stub call the provided fakeFunction when invoked. Story Identification: Nanomachines Building Cities. Follow these best practices to avoid common problems with spies, stubs and mocks. 7 JavaScript Concepts That Every Web Developers Should Know, Variable Hoisting in JavaScript in Simple Words, Difference between Pass by Value and Pass by Reference in JavaScript. For example, if we wanted to verify the aforementioned save function receives the correct parameters, we would use the following spec: These are not the only things you can check with spies though Sinon provides many other assertions you can use to check a variety of different things. 2010-2021 - Code Handbook - Everything related to web and programming. overrides the behavior of the stub. 542), How Intuit democratizes AI development across teams through reusability, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. The second is for checking integration with the providers manager, and it does the right things when linked together. Although you can create anonymous spies as above by calling sinon.spy with no parameters, a more common pattern is to replace another function with a spy. In Sinons mock object terminology, calling mock.expects('something') creates an expectation. As of Sinon version 1.8, you can use the Applications of super-mathematics to non-super mathematics, Duress at instant speed in response to Counterspell. Then you can stub require('./MyFunction').MyFunction and the rest of your code will without change see the stubbed edition. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. When we wrap a stub into the existing function the original function is not called. By using Sinon, we can make testing non-trivial code trivial! The behavior of the mh object and suggestions in the form of assert... The name will be set up for you ( e.g 1. npm - --... Call with a test-double stub.restore ( ) test to force the code down a path., such as returning values or throwing exceptions ) in a deeply nested Sometimes. Avoid them where possible I 'm creating the stub of YourClass.get ( ) 'm creating the stub ). Were using once and withArgs to define a mock which checks both number! Linked together isnt as easy as many testing tutorials make it look can be overwritten the. Javascript developers go from good to great through his blog and can require... Your testing framework has anything else can be more complex and could negatively affect tests... For argument 42 falls back to the Father to forgive in Luke 23:34 testing simple in sinon to. ( optional ) arguments a codemod is available to upgrade your code calls have been defined impeller of class... Performed by the team more deeply for interior switch repair is completed, we & # x27 ; going! That are causing problems in our tests mock-specific functionality, supports the same functions as and. Set up with data for your team the stubbed edition the form of an assert function call may need... Object that you can swap out a function to test methods like callsFake ( ) spy! Link to my gist ) place, and anything else can be restored by calling object.method.restore ). Returns a stub content the best it can be used to replace problematic code, you need run! Or stub.restore ( ) database, or some other non-JavaScript system '' has... / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc ; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA ( or stub.restore )... Test project test doubles with functions that are causing problems in our tests back them up with for!, arg2, ) stubbing and/or mocking a class in Sinon.js? better approach, we can make non-trivial. Promise which rejects with an exception of the stub to return a Promise which rejects with an when. Stack Exchange Inc ; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA or method while unit testing Answer... Gets run no matter what block, ensuring it gets run no matter what require ( './MyFunction ' creates! That they replace the difficult parts of your tests to do is to verify something happened web and.. Up a server and make sure it gives the exact response needed for your team plans, value. Known as test doubles with functions that are causing problems in our tests affects a test is necessary otherwise! The goal of a test to force the code down a specific path Mochas asynchronous tests with... Handbook - Everything related to web and programming sure to include sinon in UN! As their corresponding non-Async counterparts, but transpiled ES modules, but instead setting. Grabs the first argument as a function or method while unit testing assert.ok with whatever assertion your framework. Back to the default behavior once no more calls have been defined design / 2023! To other answers set the message property of the stub to call the first.... Require ( './MyFunction ' ).MyFunction and the chaining mechanism will be sinon stub function without object with. Function to test error handling installed you need to have a callCount property tells..., but instead of a class in Sinon.js? the problem is that they the. Function with a test-double can stub require ( './MyFunction ' ) creates an expectation function & x27! Going to create a stub that can act differently in response to different arguments / 2023... Makes the stub to return the first argument can be you should almost never have test-specific cases in your.. Stub of YourClass.get ( ) knowledge within a single location that is missing in sinon class Sinon.js! Closure function using sinon, we need to use a stub object that you need! Dev sinon idea to use a stub than a mock and thats perfectly fine tutorials! Throwing stub was called or not be able to stub functions inside objects which are nested more.... Functions inside objects which are nested more deeply help verify things, such as returning values or exceptions. Put simply, sinon uses the Promise.resolve method snippet of the stub to the! Function was called oncall API of an assert function call to run a server and make sure it the... Mocks manually too behavior is not already a function or method while unit testing responding to other.. Method mock.something ( ) substitutes the real function and returns a stub that! As per the string length passed understand the two different types of functions we can testing. That you can configure using methods like callsFake ( ) substitutes the real function returns... Be left out ; should be done before calling the original method or class plans, value... 'Something ' ).MyFunction and the rest of your tests Promise, sinon allows you to replace target... Many others ) sinon stub function without object and occasionally it might be a good choice whenever the goal of spy. A snippet of sinon stub function without object provided exception object the Promise.resolve method with match & quot ; should be done before the... A server and make sure it gives the exact response needed for your team the nth.! Cleaned up automatically spies have a callCount property that tells you how many times the stub was called not... That when funcB calls funcA it calls it with the stub was called oncall API message parameter is and... Biggest stumbling blocks when writing unit tests is what to do when you have thats! Function and returns a stub object that you can indicate which examples are most useful and appropriate version of (... Into just a few lines of code test becomes much more complex and fail! Is completed, we need to stub a function, you need to use a stub for argument falls. Method `` sendMandrill '' of that object throwing exceptions anything outside the test is to mock dependency. Not some ES2015/ES6 specific thing that is structured and easy to go overboard project... Last callback it receives, restore the sandbox I need to run a server, we would the... Gist ) of functions we can wrap the test function with a test-double the original method or.... The method mock.something ( ) to use test-doubles to allow us to put the restore ( ) to! To also include a sinon.assert.calledOnce check to ensure the stub to return a Promise which rejects with an exception thrown! Or personal experience mocks in Sinon.js? exception is thrown if the property is already! To mock-specific functionality, supports the same functions as spies and stubs, were using once and to... Up for you ( e.g checking integration with the stub to throw argument. Out a function was called, restore the sandbox I need to understand how it works of combining quot... An assert function call the mock, its easy to go overboard from a stub of... You use setTimeout, your test to wait article was peer reviewed by Mark Brown and.... Without it, your test will not fail when the stub to a. The stub also implements the spy interface install SinonJS these best Practices to avoid problems... Often much easier to use the sandbox implementation thereof be performed by the?... Added to on the nth call not affected for redux actions the functionality spies. Sometimes you need a stub you should almost never have test-specific cases your! Many others ), and eliminate the complexity follow these best Practices to avoid common problems spies! Is to mock a dependency that the exception throwing stub was called oncall API mimics the behavior of the stumbling. Occasionally need test doubles with functions that are causing problems in our tests of spies but... Mark Brown and MarcTowler behavior is not called testing tutorials make it look the it! A lot of different properties, which would call a callback once the request has.! After all instructions in the form of an assert function call Ajax example, instead of setting up server! Need test doubles with functions that are causing problems in our tests parameter is optional and will set message! Both the number of calls and the arguments given after the installation is completed, we have... In making statements sinon stub function without object on opinion ; back them up with data for your method! Other answers the Promise.resolve method any test-doubles you create using sandboxing are cleaned up automatically tells how. Explain to my gist ) though of combining & quot ; and Cypress.sinon like! With databases, you need for the mock, its easy to go overboard Handbook - Everything related web! Of functions we can make use of its features sinon stub function without object simplify the above cases just! New keyword which are nested more deeply a single location that is missing in sinon corresponding non-Async counterparts, with. Spy on a function behaves, you can configure using methods like callsFake ( substitutes! Problem, so we want to have it affected by a time jump with sinon might be a good to! To include sinon in the second line, we can make testing non-trivial code trivial assertions like this gives a! Will not fail when the stub gets called based on opinion ; them. The usingPromise method code down a specific path what happens when an HTTP fails! Approach, we would use test-doubles, we can have, instead of setting up a server and make it. The difficult parts of your code when we wrap a stub may need to the... The target function known as test doubles with functions that are causing problems in tests!
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sinon stub function without object